"Ensuring strong and healthy bones in childhood is paramount for a lifetime of well-being. In thisvideo, Dr. Mahishma K. delves into the crucial role of nutrition and lifestyle choices in promoting childhood bone health and its long-term benefits"

"So what milk and how much milk definitely how much milk your child should take depends upon the age of your child. So for a child about 1 to 2 years of age he'll require about 2 to three cups of milk per day. And from 2 years onwards till 8 years of age not more than 2 cups or 2 and a half cups per day will be sufficient. However from Pre-Teen age to teenage they will require more amount of milk because of their growing needs and growth spurts. So up to 3 cups per day is acceptable what milk should a child consume. Definitely below 6 months of age we always advocate mother's milk and nothing else. From 6 months of age till about 2 years of age, a child can be given breast milk along with a regular diet which he'll be introduced at 6 months of age. From 2 years of age you can start your child with cow milk. We do not recommend Buffalo milk below one year of age because it'll be thicker in consistency and it will be difficult for digestion for your child. However also we do not recommend any plant-based milk products like soy milk, almond milk or oat milk for children below 5 years of age simply because these milks will not have all the essential nutrients that a cow milk will provide for them. However if your child is medically in need of such milk products or if he is taking it by choice then you can always go for soy milk because it is an excellent alternative when compared to other products. One last thing I would like to add is we do not recommend giving any flavoured milk because it's just excess sugars for the child and also we do not recommend them giving any low-fat milk or skimmed milk we always recommend whole milk for a child, especially below 5 years of age.

"Deworming is a process of getting your intestinal worms killed. Children are more at risk for intestinal warms because of their play activities they may play with bare hands and bare feet especially bare feet. Soil will be contaminated most of the times they may come in contact with toys which are contaminated or they may come in contact with fruits and vegetables which are contaminated with soil and are not cleaned properly. So through the mouth these intestinal worms and these eggs will reach the intestines they will live as parasites. So if these intestinal worms are left untreated most of the children will get diarrhea malnutrition and anemia. So deworming that is killing of intestinal worms is a necessary treatment for children. We ideally recommend deworming at least every 6 months. But at least once a year is recommended for all children"

"So what milk and how much milk definitely how much milk your child should take depends upon the age of your child. So for a child about 1 to 2 years of age he'll require about 2 to three cups of milk per day. And from 2 years onwards till 8 years of age not more than 2 cups or 2 and a half cups per day will be sufficient. However from Pre-Teen age to teenage they will require more amount of milk because of their growing needs and growth spurts. So up to 3 cups per day is acceptable what milk should a child consume. Definitely below 6 months of age we always advocate mother's milk and nothing else. From 6 months of age till about 2 years of age a child can be given breast milk along with a regular diet which he'll be introduced at 6 months of age. From 2 years of age you can start your child with cow milk. We do not recommend Buffalo milk below one year of age because it'll be thicker in consistency and it will be difficult for digestion for your child. However also we do not recommend any plant-based milk products like soy milk, almond milk or oat milk for children below 5 years of age simply because these milks will not have all the essential nutrients that a cow milk will provide for them. However if your child is medically in need of such milk products or if he is taking it by choice then you can always go for soy milk because it is an excellent alternative when compared to other products. One last thing I would like to add is we do not recommend giving any flavoured milk because it's just excess sugars for the child and also we do not recommend them giving any lowfat milk or skimmed milk we always recommend whole milk for a child especially below 5 years of age"

"We always know and speak highly that children will absorb things better will learn quickly than adults. So these children at this age will require a lot more nutrients and good nutrients to help in brain development. So some of the foods which will help in brain development or now it is called fashionably as super foods or eggs. All kinds of seafish actually they are rich in omega-3 fatty acids and coline, iodine and zinc. All of these will help in brain development along with this almonds and green leafy vegetables will help in brain development. Coming to the next question of whether vegetarian children will require supplementation. It depends upon what kind of diet the child is following suppose the child is on dairy food foods and eggs are included in his diet. Usually they do not require any supplementation at all because they will be getting all the nutrients from dairy products and eggs. However if they are off dairy products then you will need to supplement them with milk-based alternatives like soya milk, almond milk. Soya milk will again be an excellent alternative. The idea is to get nutrients from the food mostly and to avoid supplementation for children. So if you're avoiding a particular kind of food like dairy then supplement them with plant-based products the second common thing which will arise for vegetarian children is vitamin B12 deficiency. Because most of the vitamin B12 from diet is animal based so it will be difficult to source or vegetarian based. There are foods which are rich in vitamin B12 which you can get from vegetarian sources also like tofu almonds apples blueberries are all rich in vitamin B12. So the idea is to get variety into the diet and also to source foods which can help in supplementation of B12 for them and also plant based. Otherwise specifically needed or medically needed we need to supplement them with B12 or vitamin D. Otherwise just the diet and alternatives to diet will help them compensate"

"So vitamin D deficiency in children can start at a very early age which we call as rickets. But along with vitamin D deficiency most of them will also present with signs and symptoms of calcium deficiency too. So signs and symptoms will include as early as delayed in teething teeth will start erupting at a later age there will be delay in walking you can usually compare it with a sibling his elder child would have walked at a early age but the younger sibling might having a delay in walking. In more pronounced cases we do also see deformities in the knees. Usually there will be curbed knees. These are all signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency . Other changes will be there will be poor weight gain that almost the growth will be stunted and older children will complain of muscle pains and bone pains especially at night. How do we treat this and how do we avoid this is a good amount of sunshine always for vitamin D deficiency it will help. So sunshine with physical activity. So allowing them to have a daily physical activity especially sports will help in avoiding vitamin D deficiency. Along with that good diet and nutrition. Some of sources of vitamin D along with sunshine is sundried mushrooms, milk dairy products like cheese. Some fatty fish like salmon mackarel. Sardines will also help in getting good source of vitamin D"